The First Cold Winter 1974-1980
Cause: In the 1960s, the field of artificial intelligence was full of optimism, and researchers set many ambitious goals. However, these goals were largely too idealistic and difficult to achieve in the short term. As time went on, people gradually realized the complexity of practical problems and the limitations of the technology at the time. In 1969, Minsky and Papert's book "Perceptrons" made a critical analysis of the perceptron, causing the research on neural networks to enter a trough. At the same time, in 1973, British scientist James Lighthill published a report on artificial intelligence, which pointed out that the ability of the field of artificial lithuania mobile database intelligence to solve practical problems was overestimated, which caused concerns among government departments and funders. Against this background, researchers and investors' confidence in artificial intelligence was frustrated, resulting in reduced funding, slowed research, and the so-called "AI winter."
Impact: The first cold winter forced many laboratories and research projects to close due to lack of funds. During this period, research in the field of artificial intelligence progressed slowly, with limitations in computer performance and deficiencies in knowledge representation and reasoning methods becoming the main obstacles. Despite this, some important theories and technologies were still developed during this period, laying the foundation for the subsequent revival.