Written form of the observation method

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Direct observation
Direct observation refers to the immediate recording of behaviors, actions and interactions in real time. The observer is physically present and directly perceives what is happening. This method offers the advantage of making it possible to observe behaviors in their natural environment, which can lead to authentic insights. For example, in a team meeting, non-verbal signals such as facial expressions and gestures, as well as the type of interactions between team members, could be recorded directly. Direct observation allows the observer to collect detailed and precise data, which can be particularly beneficial when analyzing conflicts in agile teams.

Indirect observation
In contrast to direct observation, indirect observation refers to capturing behaviors hospitals email list or events through pre-existing records or reports. This means that the observer is not physically present but draws on pre-existing data sources. For example, this could be written minutes of past meetings, emails, or reports of team interactions. Indirect observation can be particularly useful when it is difficult to maintain a direct presence or when retrospective data is needed. It allows for more comprehensive analysis over a longer period of time and can be a valuable complement to direct observation.


Writing down the observation is a crucial step in order to record the collected data in a structured and comprehensible manner. A common way to do this is to prepare an observation protocol, which is attached as an appendix to the work. This protocol serves as written documentation of the observed events, behaviors and interactions. It should be written precisely, neutrally and in detail in order to enable an objective evaluation.