” Citing an example of bias in, say, the Google search engine

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The authors of the study talk about a recorded fact of ranking a reliable and sensational scientific report that appeared in the respected journal Physical Review Letter in February 2016. This was an article about the first direct experimental observation of gravitational waves in human history, which became a scientific discovery of colossal significance. So, Google, among all the articles in the journal, put this report in… 12,482nd place “in importance”.


The scientists state: “…although it is impossible to establish the exact list of cyprus whatsapp phone numbers position in the ranking that this article would deserve, almost no one would doubt that it is one of the major milestones in the history of physics.” The problem here, the researchers say, is fundamental search engine bias: the PageRank score of a scientific paper appears to be linearly correlated with the number of citations it has received.


This means that Google will always favor older papers over new ones, even if they are extremely important. Of course, the ranking of Internet pages is influenced not only by their age, there are many other factors, but this example is very indicative... Now consider what the authors of the study considered problem3 and called “systemic consequences.” They report that social systems are fundamentally different from physical systems, which are made up of atoms and molecules.