10 milestones in artificial intelligence: from 1950 to today

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Artificial Intelligence has evolved at supersonic speed since the launch of OpenAI's famous ChatGPT in 2020.

But... do you know how it evolved? Here are 10 fascinating milestones from yesterday that were precursors to today's Artificial Intelligence.





1950 - Test the Turing
British mathematician Alan Mathison Turing is considered one of the fathers of computing . His greatest contribution to the field of computing was the test that bears his name, as a measure to distinguish between Artificial and Natural Intelligence.

If a machine can fool a human into thinking it is human, then it is bangladesh whatsapp lead considered to have passed the test . Researchers believe the test lays the groundwork for what we now know as artificial intelligence.





1956 - Dartmouth Conference
This conference, held at the prestigious Ivy League University Dartmouth College in New Hampshire, United States, organized by Marvin Minsky, John McCarthy and Claude Shanon, is considered the birth of AI as an academic field .

The theoretical logic developed by the authors was discussed and the term “Artificial Intelligence” was coined for the first time. As an anecdote, the organizers made an ambitious prediction. They said that within 25 years computers would do all the work of men. We are not there yet.

1966 - ELIZA
Before going back to the middle of the last century to explain what ELIZA was, let's think about the present. Siri, Alexa, Cortana, Echo: all of them are digital assistants based on voice instructions. All of these voice processors have their origin in ELIZA.

Joseph Weizenbaum creates ELIZA, a natural language processing program . It was named after Elsa Doolittle from Pygmalion, who transforms from a humble street vendor into a high-society person.

1972 - First intelligent robot :
Dr. Katō Ichirō of Japan, leading a group of researchers from Waseda University in Japan, developed the first humanoid robot, called WABOT-1 (a blend of the name of Waseda University and the word Robot), capable of walking, talking to a person, and measuring distances and directions.

This robot took about 45 seconds to take a step; very different from the robots that can run today, no doubt, but a milestone in its time!





In 1984, the second version was launched, called WABOT-2, which was an evolution of the first version. It was able to read sheet music and even play a melody. Like its predecessor, it was considered the most advanced robot in the world.

This is a promotional video of WABOT-2 that was exhibited at the 1985 Expo held in the Japanese city of Tsukuba.





1997 - Deep Blue defeats Kasparov
This event certainly marks the most notable milestone as it causes a surprise and is the first time that, thanks to the Internet, news related to Artificial Intelligence has gone viral.

The date: February 10, 1996. The opponents were Deep Blue , a computer developed by the technology company IBM, and Garry Kasparov , then world champion.

Kasparov wins the best of six games, beating the machine by a total of 4-2.

But there would be a rematch. In May 1997, Gary faced an improved version of Deep Blue called Deep Blue.

This time, the machine managed to beat the man.

It is worth noting that today, technology has advanced so much that no one disputes that the machine would always beat any world champion who comes before it.



And this champion was already a pioneer in how to face success.



2002 - Roomba
We all surely remember the “robot vacuum cleaner” - it has undergone various modifications and improvements over time, but in 2002 the first of them was born: Roomba manufactured by iRobot. Roomba was able to navigate and autonomously clean the domestic space . Amazon acquired it in 2022, twenty years later, for the whopping sum of 1.7 billion dollars. Here we can see one of the famous commercials.



2012 - Convolutional Neural Networks (AlexNet)
Moving on to more technical and less commercial aspects, it is worth highlighting the emergence of artificial intelligence models. One of the first was created by Alex Krizhevsky, Ilya Sutskever and Geoffrey Hinton, which marked a decisive moment for the advancement of visual recognition.

2016 - AlphaGo defeats Lee Sedol
Returning to sport, like chess, a board game sport, we see another victory of the machine over man, in this case in the game “Go”.

AlphaGo, developed by Google's DeepMind, defeats South Korean world champion Lee Sedol 3-0 in the game of Go, an ancient strategy game that is considerably more complex than chess.

"AlphaGo played consistently from start to finish while Lee, who is only human, showed some mental vulnerabilities," Lee's coach Kwon Kap-Yong told AFP.

2020 - GPT-3
In the more recent past, and surely known and recognized by almost everyone, OpenAI launches GPT-3, the most advanced transformer-based natural language processing model of its time, with 175 billion parameters (it is two orders of magnitude larger than its predecessor, GPT-2).

What can GPT-3 do? Generate and complete text based on instructions formulated in natural language.

2021 - FROM-E
This acronym merges the name of Wall-e , the famous Disney movie, with the name of the great Spanish painter, Salvador Dalí . DALL-E can create realistic and artistic images from simple textual descriptions, demonstrating the ability to creatively combine concepts and attributes.

Dalle-E is capable of generating images with a wide variety of styles by adjusting to instructions provided in natural language.

These milestones represent some of the most significant and emblematic advances in the development of artificial intelligence. Given the speed of the latest developments in artificial intelligence, the next milestones will surely occur on an annual basis.